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Independent technical & scientific diligence

Verify the claims.Quantify the risk.Underwrite with confidence.

Independent technical and scientific diligence for investors evaluating complex technology.

We help investment teams determine whether a company's technology, science, engineering organization, and infrastructure can support the investment thesis behind the deal.

Exhibit AEvidence convergence
TECHNOLOGYSCIENCEENGINEERINGIPINFRASTRUCTUREORGANIZATIONECONOMICSINVESTMENT THESIS7 / 7 STREAMS
Seven evidence streams, examined independently, resolved into one underwriting question.

Pitch decks describe what a product is expected to do. Management teams explain why the technology is differentiated. Financial models assume the product will scale.

We independently examine whether the underlying technology, engineering, science, organization, and infrastructure support those assumptions.

Our job is not to prove or disprove a founder's story. Our job is to determine what an investor is actually underwriting.

The diligence gap

The most important assumption in the deal may be the least independently verified.

Financial diligence
Historical performance
Legal diligence
Contractual and regulatory exposure
Commercial diligence
Markets and customers

Financial diligence can verify historical performance. Legal diligence can identify contractual and regulatory exposure. Commercial diligence can test markets and customers. But technically complex businesses introduce another class of investment risk.

  1. CapabilityCan the product actually do what management claims?
  2. ScienceIs the science defensible?
  3. ArchitectureCan the architecture scale?
  4. DefensibilityDoes the technology create meaningful differentiation?
  5. DependencyAre important capabilities proprietary—or dependent on third parties?
  6. EconomicsWill infrastructure economics support projected margins?
  7. ExecutionIs the engineering organization capable of executing the roadmap?
  8. CapitalWhat additional capital will be required to resolve today’s technical deficiencies?

Those questions require independent technical and scientific judgment.

Signal & Noise brings that judgment directly into the underwriting process.

What we underwrite

Well beyond code review. Every layer the thesis depends on.

Software, AI, connected hardware, measurement science and the organizations that build them. Scope is set by the investment thesis, not by a standard checklist.

Technology

08 areas
  • Architecture
  • Scalability
  • Software quality
  • Technical debt
  • Cloud infrastructure
  • Cybersecurity
  • Data systems
  • Third-party dependencies

Artificial Intelligence

08 areas
  • Model architecture
  • Foundation-model dependencies
  • Training and inference architecture
  • Data provenance
  • Automation claims
  • Model economics
  • Evaluation methodology
  • Technical defensibility

Wearables & Connected Devices

08 areas
  • Sensors
  • Signal quality
  • Firmware
  • Hardware/software integration
  • Measurement methodology
  • Device architecture
  • Data pipelines
  • Manufacturing dependencies

Digital Health & Biotech

07 areas
  • Scientific plausibility
  • Measurement validity
  • Technical claims
  • Data integrity
  • Research dependencies
  • Platform architecture
  • Technical readiness

Engineering Organization

07 areas
  • Technical leadership
  • Key-person dependencies
  • Team capabilities
  • Development process
  • Repository history
  • Release practices
  • Organizational scalability

Intellectual Property & Dependencies

06 areas
  • Software provenance
  • Open-source exposure
  • Third-party technology
  • Data rights
  • Technical differentiation
  • Critical vendor dependencies

Scientific and health-technology assessments are performed as independent investment diligence. They do not constitute medical advice, clinical validation, laboratory testing, or regulatory certification. Where an engagement requires credentialed clinical, regulatory or laboratory expertise, appropriately qualified specialists are retained and identified in the scope.

The core question

Can the technology and science support the investment thesis?

  • If the financial model assumes10× user growth
    we examineCan the architecture support it?
  • If the valuation assumesProprietary AI
    we examineWhat is actually proprietary?
  • If the company claimsDefensible measurement technology
    we examineWhat evidence supports the claim?
  • If margins assumeEconomies of scale
    we examineWhat happens to infrastructure, compute, hardware and operating costs at scale?
  • If the roadmap assumesRapid product expansion
    we examineCan the team and technical foundation actually execute it?

The diligence sprint

Built for deal speed.

Traditional technical assessments can take weeks and place a significant burden on management. Signal & Noise uses a highly structured process designed around investment timelines.

  1. Day 1

    Evidence & Architecture

    Repository, technical documentation, systems, scientific evidence, infrastructure and relevant diligence materials.

  2. Day 2

    Core Claims

    Examine the technical or scientific assumptions that materially support the investment thesis.

  3. Day 3

    People & Execution

    Technical leadership, engineering organization, domain expertise and execution risk.

  4. Day 4

    Scale & Exposure

    Scalability, infrastructure economics, security, dependencies, technical debt and capital requirements.

  5. Day 5

    Underwriting

    Synthesis, material-risk classification, cost-to-fix analysis and investment-team readout.

Typical rapid diligence: approximately five business days

Engagements are designed for rapid execution with read-only access wherever practical and tightly bounded management involvement. Specialized or scientifically complex assignments are scoped accordingly.

What investors receive

Findings designed for an investment decision—not an engineering backlog.

Exhibit B · Thesis verification registerIllustrative composite — not a client engagement
Finding A-1

Platform supports 10× user growth without re-architecture

Evidence
Application tier scales horizontally. Primary datastore is single-region and approaches write limits at roughly 4× current load.
Deal implication
Data-layer re-platforming is likely required before the plan’s year-two volume.
Affects
Scalability · Capital
Cost-to-fix
2–3 senior engineers · ~2 quarters

Investment Verdict

§1

A concise assessment of whether the evidence supports the technical and scientific assumptions underlying the investment thesis. The investment decision remains with the investment team.

  • Proceed
  • Proceed with conditions
  • Material concerns

Thesis Verification

§2

Each material assumption is classified against the evidence.

  • Supported
  • Partially supported
  • Unverified
  • Contradicted

Material Risk Register

§3

Findings capable of affecting:

  • Valuation
  • Capital requirements
  • Timeline
  • Margins
  • Product viability
  • Scalability
  • Defensibility
  • Security
  • Execution

Cost-to-Fix

§4

Material technical deficiencies translated into estimated:

  • Engineering effort
  • Required expertise
  • Capital
  • Infrastructure change
  • Time to remediate

Deal Implications

§5

Findings that may warrant:

  • Further diligence
  • Closing conditions
  • Technical milestones
  • Additional capitalization
  • Post-close remediation
  • Specialist review
  • Valuation consideration

Investment Committee Readout

§6

Senior-led executive presentation and Q&A focused on the findings that matter to the transaction.

Deal-implication findings are technical observations for the investment team and its advisors. They are not legal advice.

What makes this different

Technical evidence translated into investment consequences.

Senior-led

The professionals interviewing management and evaluating the evidence are experienced technical and domain operators—not a junior-heavy consulting pyramid.

Multidisciplinary

Complex companies increasingly cross boundaries between software, AI, hardware, data, biology, sensors and scientific measurement. Our diligence model is built accordingly.

Financialized

A technical issue is more useful when an investor understands what it may cost to correct. Material findings are translated into capital, time and execution implications wherever reasonably possible.

Deal-oriented

The output is written for investment professionals. The objective is not hundreds of pages of technical observations—it is identifying the evidence that could materially change the investment decision.

Who we serve

Built for investors in technically complex businesses.

Also available to corporate venture groups, investment committees and select lenders or institutional capital providers.

  • Venture Capital

    Seed through growth investors underwriting technically sophisticated companies.

  • Growth Equity

    Investors evaluating scalability, organizational maturity, technical economics and execution risk.

  • Private Equity

    Technology evaluation for acquisitions, platform investments and technical transformation requirements.

  • Strategic M&A

    Independent assessment of technical assets, integration risks and required investment.

  • Family Offices

    Senior technical expertise for investors without dedicated internal technical diligence teams.

Engagement models

Proportionate to the capital at risk.

Every transaction is different. Scope is shaped in conversation, around what matters most to the decision in front of you.

Rapid Screen

An early read on whether the technology warrants a closer look.

Starting at $20K

Underwriting Sprint

Technical diligence oriented around the investment thesis.

Starting at $50K

Specialist Diligence

Deeper technical or scientific review where the domain demands it.

Custom scope

Fund relationships

Ongoing arrangements are available for active investment firms. Let's talk about what would be useful.

Contact us

Practitioners

Evaluated by people who have actually built complex systems.

Our diligence teams are led by experienced technology executives, entrepreneurs, engineers and domain specialists who understand both how sophisticated products are built and how technical decisions affect enterprise value.

Justin Saul

Managing Partner

Technology executive, entrepreneur, systems architect and AI advisor with experience building and scaling technology businesses, enterprise platforms and technically complex products.

  • Enterprise software
  • AI & machine learning
  • Systems architecture
  • Cloud infrastructure
  • Data platforms
  • Sensors
  • Wearable technology

Evan Peikon

Managing Partner

Experienced operator and domain expert across wearable technology, biotech, physiological measurement, sensors, digital health and technically complex products.

  • Wearable technology
  • Biotech
  • Physiological measurement
  • Sensors
  • Digital health

Specialist network

Certain investments require highly specialized expertise. When appropriate, Signal & Noise can supplement the core diligence team with vetted subject-matter experts suited to the technology being evaluated, identified to the client in the engagement scope.

  • Machine learning
  • Cybersecurity
  • Biostatistics
  • Sensors
  • Computer vision
  • Embedded systems
  • Scientific computing
  • Cloud architecture
  • Data engineering

Independence

Independent by design.

Our role is not to advocate for the transaction or oppose it. We examine the evidence, identify material uncertainty, quantify exposure where possible, and give the investment team an independent technical perspective.

  • The result may strengthen the investment thesis.
  • It may change the economics.
  • It may identify conditions that should be resolved.
  • Or it may reveal assumptions that deserve substantially more scrutiny.

Our obligation is to the evidence.

Request a diligence review

Before you underwrite the company, underwrite what makes it work.

Bring independent technical and scientific judgment into the investment process without turning diligence into a months-long exercise.

  • Confidential engagements
  • Rapid mobilization
  • NDA-ready
  • Institutional investors

Prefer to talk first?

Discuss a transaction

Please do not include sensitive technical or proprietary information. Detailed materials are exchanged only under NDA.